{"id":7368,"date":"2024-12-05T04:01:58","date_gmt":"2024-12-05T04:01:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/premiumalu.com\/the-ultimate-guide-to-5052-o-aluminum-alloy\/"},"modified":"2026-08-31T13:16:34","modified_gmt":"2026-08-31T13:16:34","slug":"zakladni-pruvodce-hlinikovou-slitinou-5052-o","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/premiumalu.com\/cs\/the-ultimate-guide-to-5052-o-aluminum-alloy\/","title":{"rendered":"Komplexn\u00ed pr\u016fvodce slitinou hlin\u00edku 5052-O"},"content":{"rendered":"

Co je hlin\u00edk 5052?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

5052 je slitina \u0159ady 5xxx s ho\u0159\u010d\u00edkem (2,2\u20132,8%) jako hlavn\u00edm leguj\u00edc\u00edm prvkem. Jedn\u00e1 se o tepeln\u011b nezpracovatelnou slitinu Al-Mg, kter\u00e1 z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 pevnost pouze deforma\u010dn\u00edm zpevn\u011bn\u00edm, nikoliv precipita\u010dn\u00edm tepeln\u00fdm zpracov\u00e1n\u00edm \u2014 co\u017e ji \u0159ad\u00ed mezi nejodoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u016f\u010di korozi a nejl\u00e9pe tv\u00e1\u0159iteln\u00e9 tv\u00e1\u0159en\u00e9 hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 slitiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Toto chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed je tak\u00e9 d\u016fvodem, pro\u010d 5052 nelze zpevnit tepeln\u00fdm zpracov\u00e1n\u00edm tak jako 2024 nebo 6061, tak\u017ee jej\u00ed pevnostn\u00ed strop je ur\u010den m\u00edrou tv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed za studena, kterou dan\u00fd stav aplikuje \u2014 a p\u0159esn\u011b proto z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na zvolen\u00e9m stavu, zejm\u00e9na u tv\u00e1\u0159en\u00fdch nebo sva\u0159ovan\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f, v\u00edce ne\u017e na samotn\u00e9 slitin\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Porozum\u011bn\u00ed stavu -O<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Stav -O znamen\u00e1, \u017ee je slitina \u017e\u00edh\u00e1na, tj. pln\u011b zm\u011bk\u010dena. Vznik\u00e1 zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00edm tv\u00e1\u0159en\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobku na teplotu \u017e\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 343 \u00b0C \/ 650 \u00b0F) a pomal\u00fdm ochlazen\u00edm, co\u017e odstran\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky ve\u0161ker\u00e9ho p\u0159edchoz\u00edho tv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed za studena a zanech\u00e1 materi\u00e1l v jeho nejtv\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm stavu. U slitiny 5052 je stav -O nejm\u011bk\u010d\u00ed a nejl\u00e9pe tv\u00e1\u0159iteln\u00fd stav v r\u00e1mci t\u00e9to \u0159ady a slou\u017e\u00ed jako v\u00fdchoz\u00ed bod p\u0159ed deforma\u010dn\u00edm zpevn\u011bn\u00edm do stav\u016f H3x.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proto\u017ee stav -O nenese \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 deforma\u010dn\u00ed zpevn\u011bn\u00ed, m\u00e1 nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed pevnost a nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ta\u017enost ze v\u0161ech stav\u016f slitiny 5052. To je kompromis zabudovan\u00fd do tohoto stavu: ob\u011btujete nosnost, abyste z\u00edskali schopnost oh\u00fdbat, ta\u017eit a tvarovat bez prask\u00e1n\u00ed. Pro d\u00edly, kter\u00e9 se nejprve tvaruj\u00ed a pot\u00e9 sva\u0159uj\u00ed, je stav -O obvykle nejbezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdchoz\u00edm materi\u00e1lem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u017d\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed tak\u00e9 uvol\u0148uje zbytkov\u00e1 pnut\u00ed zanechan\u00e1 v\u00e1lcov\u00e1n\u00edm nebo ta\u017een\u00edm. To je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 po v\u00fdrob\u011b, proto\u017ee polotovar bez pnut\u00ed se m\u00e9n\u011b deformuje p\u0159i obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed a m\u00e9n\u011b se k\u0159iv\u00ed v okol\u00ed svaru, tak\u017ee je snaz\u0161\u00ed dodr\u017eet n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 tolerance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak se stav -O li\u0161\u00ed od stavu H32<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Stav H32 je stav -O plus p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1\/4 tvrd\u00e9 deforma\u010dn\u00ed zpevn\u011bn\u00ed a stabilizace, co\u017e zvy\u0161uje mez kluzu z p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 90 MPa na 193 MPa. Dodate\u010dn\u00e9 tv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed za studena tak\u00e9 sni\u017euje ta\u017enost z p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 25% na 12\u201315%, tak\u017ee H32 se oh\u00fdb\u00e1 na v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch polom\u011brech a snadn\u011bji prask\u00e1 p\u0159i ostr\u00fdch tvarovan\u00fdch prvc\u00edch. Zvolte stav -O, kdy\u017e d\u00edl vy\u017eaduje hlubok\u00e9 ta\u017een\u00ed nebo ohyby s mal\u00fdm polom\u011brem; zvolte H32, kdy\u017e tu\u017e\u0161\u00ed panel m\u016f\u017ee n\u00e9st zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed p\u0159i men\u0161\u00ed tlou\u0161\u0165ce a je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed pouze lehk\u00e9 tv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. Pro \u00fapln\u00fd p\u0159ehled v r\u00e1mci \u0159ady viz pr\u016fvodce 5052-H32<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mechanick\u00e9 vlastnosti 5052-O<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Majetek<\/th>5052-O (typick\u00e9)<\/th>5052-H32 (referen\u010dn\u00ed)<\/th><\/tr>
Hustota<\/td>2,68 g\/cm\u00b3<\/td>2,68 g\/cm\u00b3<\/td><\/tr>
Pevnost v tahu<\/td>193 MPa (28 ksi)<\/td>228 MPa (33 ksi)<\/td><\/tr>
Mez kluzu (0,2 % offset)<\/td>90 MPa (13 ksi)<\/td>193 MPa (28 ksi)<\/td><\/tr>
Ta\u017enost p\u0159i p\u0159etr\u017een\u00ed<\/td>22\u201325%<\/td>12\u201315%<\/td><\/tr>
Modul pru\u017enosti<\/td>68\u201370 GPa (10 200 ksi)<\/td>68\u201370 GPa<\/td><\/tr>
Mez \u00fanavy (5\u00d710\u2078 cykl\u016f)<\/td>110 MPa (16 ksi)<\/td>117 MPa (17 ksi)<\/td><\/tr>
Pevnost ve smyku<\/td>124 MPa (18 ksi)<\/td>124 MPa (18 ksi)<\/td><\/tr>
Tvrdost podle Brinella<\/td>47 HB<\/td>60 HB<\/td><\/tr>
Tepeln\u00e1 vodivost<\/td>138 W\/m\u00b7K<\/td>138 W\/m\u00b7K<\/td><\/tr>
Rozsah taven\u00ed<\/td>607\u2013649 \u00b0C<\/td>607\u2013649 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mez kluzu je hodnota, kter\u00e1 definuje v\u011bt\u0161inu v\u00fdb\u011br\u016f stavu -O. P\u0159i 90 MPa je nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed v rodin\u011b 5052 \u2014 cena za nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ta\u017enost (22\u201325% prodlou\u017een\u00ed) a nejlep\u0161\u00ed tv\u00e1\u0159itelnost. Berte to jako limit typu ano\/ne: pokud mus\u00ed d\u00edl n\u00e9st konstruk\u010dn\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed p\u0159i minim\u00e1ln\u00ed hmotnosti, stav -O je \u0161patn\u00e1 volba a do specifikace pat\u0159\u00ed deforma\u010dn\u011b zpevn\u011bn\u00fd stav nebo slitina \u0159ady 6xxx.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kde se 5052-O pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdroba n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 na tv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

5052-O je v\u00fdchoz\u00ed materi\u00e1l pro d\u00edly tvarovan\u00e9 p\u0159ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00edm. Hluboce ta\u017een\u00e9 palivov\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee, tlakov\u00e9 n\u00e1doby, slo\u017eit\u00e9 plechov\u00e9 kryty a slo\u017eit\u00fd lodn\u00ed hardware v\u0161echny za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed ze stavu -O, proto\u017ee polotovar p\u0159e\u017eije ostr\u00e9 polom\u011bry a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 korekce po sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed bez prask\u00e1n\u00ed. Tam, kde je sou\u010d\u00e1st sva\u0159ov\u00e1na po tv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, m\u011bkk\u00fd stav tak\u00e9 udr\u017euje deformace v tepeln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn\u00e9 z\u00f3n\u011b (HAZ \u2014 p\u00e1smo vedle svaru, kter\u00e9 m\u011bkne a m\u016f\u017ee se deformovat) zvl\u00e1dnuteln\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed provoz a provoz vystaven\u00fd korozi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Sou\u010d\u00e1sti trup\u016f lod\u00ed, konzoly vystaven\u00e9 slan\u00e9 vod\u011b, lodn\u00ed armatury a venkovn\u00ed kryty spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na 5052-O tam, kde odolnost proti korozi je d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed pevnost. Chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed Al-Mg odol\u00e1v\u00e1 d\u016flkov\u00e9 korozi ve slan\u00e9 vod\u011b mnohem l\u00e9pe ne\u017e slitiny s obsahem m\u011bdi 2024 nebo 6061, tak\u017ee d\u00edly ze stavu -O vydr\u017e\u00ed v z\u00f3n\u00e1ch st\u0159\u00edkaj\u00edc\u00ed vody a v prostor\u00e1ch podpalub\u00ed bez t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch povlak\u016f. Pro nosn\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed konstrukce obvykle p\u0159eb\u00edr\u00e1 roli H32 nebo H34, jakmile tuhost ur\u010duje tlou\u0161\u0165ku materi\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-O vs. ostatn\u00ed stavy 5052 \u2014 jak vyb\u00edrat<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Temperament<\/th>Zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/th>Mez pevnosti v tahu (typick\u00e1)<\/th>Mez kluzu (typick\u00e1)<\/th>Nejlep\u0161\u00ed pro<\/th>Vyhnout se, kdy\u017e<\/th><\/tr>
O<\/td>\u017d\u00edh\u00e1no, pln\u011b m\u011bkk\u00e9<\/td>193 MPa<\/td>90 MPa<\/td>Hlubok\u00e9 ta\u017een\u00ed, slo\u017eit\u00e9 tv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, sva\u0159ovan\u00e9 sestavy<\/td>Jak\u00e9koli nosn\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed<\/td><\/tr>
H32<\/td>1\/4 tvrd\u00fd + stabilizovan\u00fd<\/td>228 MPa<\/td>193 MPa<\/td>Tv\u00e1\u0159en\u00e9 a sva\u0159ovan\u00e9 plechov\u00e9 d\u00edly<\/td>Pot\u0159ebujete maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed pevnost<\/td><\/tr>
H34<\/td>1\/2 tvrd\u00fd + stabilizovan\u00fd<\/td>262 MPa<\/td>214 MPa<\/td>Tuh\u00e9, nosn\u00e9 plechy s m\u00edrn\u00fdmi ohyby<\/td>Jsou po\u017eadov\u00e1ny mal\u00e9 polom\u011bry ohybu<\/td><\/tr>
H36<\/td>3\/4 tvrd\u00fd + stabilizovan\u00fd<\/td>276 MPa<\/td>241 MPa<\/td>Panely vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mez kluzu<\/td>Jak\u00e9koli tv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed je zapojeno<\/td><\/tr>
H38<\/td>Pln\u011b tvrd\u00fd + stabilizovan\u00fd<\/td>290 MPa<\/td>255 MPa<\/td>Ploch\u00e9, tuh\u00e9, netv\u00e1\u0159en\u00e9 d\u00edly<\/td>D\u00edl se oh\u00fdb\u00e1 v\u016fbec<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kdy\u017e je -O spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 volba<\/h3>\n\n\n\n