{"id":8735,"date":"2025-05-21T14:31:05","date_gmt":"2025-05-21T14:31:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/premiumalu.com\/understanding-aluminum-5454-yield-strength-in-engineering\/"},"modified":"2026-09-22T13:15:40","modified_gmt":"2026-09-22T13:15:40","slug":"pochopeni-pevnosti-v-tahu-hliniku-5454-ve-strojirenstvi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/premiumalu.com\/cs\/understanding-aluminum-5454-yield-strength-in-engineering\/","title":{"rendered":"Hlin\u00edk 5454: Vlastnosti, plechy a desky, stavy vytvrzen\u00ed a aplikace"},"content":{"rendered":"

Co je 5454 hlin\u00edk?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

5454 is the 5xxx alloy built for a specific problem: aluminium-magnesium grades that are strong and corrosion-resistant at room temperature, but that become unreliable when they get warm. Its magnesium content is capped at 3.0%, keeping it just under the threshold where high-magnesium grades such as 5083 (4.0\u20134.9% Mg) and 5456 (4.7\u20135.5% Mg) start to sensitise and become vulnerable to stress-corrosion cracking above roughly 65 \u00b0C. Manganese and chromium are added in small controlled amounts to refine grain structure and suppress the grain-boundary precipitation that drives that failure mode.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The result is a non-heat-treatable alloy that holds useful strength and corrosion resistance in continuous service to about 150 \u00b0C \u2014 the reason 5454 is one of the few 5xxx grades recognised in ASME pressure-vessel codes for elevated-temperature aluminium construction. It is supplied almost entirely as plate and sheet, and it is specified for welded chemical tanks, warm-process vessels, tanker shells, and marine components that see heat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What 5454 is not is the strongest option. Where peak tensile strength at room temperature is the deciding factor, 5083 wins and 6061-T6 wins by more. The selection question 5454 answers is different: can the alloy stay intact at the service temperature, not just at the test bench.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5454 Chemical Composition<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Composition limits per ASTM B209 \/ EN 573-3, in weight percent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prvek<\/th>Obsah (%)<\/th>Role<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Ho\u0159\u010d\u00edk (Mg)<\/td>2.4 \u2013 3.0<\/td>Solid-solution strengthening; capped to limit sensitisation<\/td><\/tr>
Mangan (Mn)<\/td>0.50 \u2013 1.00<\/td>Raises strength; refines grain structure<\/td><\/tr>
Chrom (Cr)<\/td>0.05 - 0.20<\/td>Suppresses grain-boundary precipitation<\/td><\/tr>
K\u0159em\u00edk (Si)<\/td>0,25 max.<\/td>Ne\u010distota<\/td><\/tr>
\u017delezo (Fe)<\/td>max 0,40<\/td>Ne\u010distota<\/td><\/tr>
M\u011b\u010f (Cu)<\/td>0,10 max<\/td>Kept low for corrosion resistance<\/td><\/tr>
Zinek (Zn)<\/td>0,25 max.<\/td>Stopov\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed<\/td><\/tr>
Titan (Ti)<\/td>max 0,20<\/td>Zjem\u0148ova\u010d zrna<\/td><\/tr>
Ostatn\u00ed (ka\u017ed\u00fd)<\/td>0,05 max<\/td>Stopov\u00e9 ne\u010distoty<\/td><\/tr>
Ostatn\u00ed (celkem)<\/td>0,15 max<\/td>Sou\u010det stopov\u00fdch ne\u010distot<\/td><\/tr>
Hlin\u00edk (Al)<\/td>Zbytek<\/td>Z\u00e1klad<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The manganese and chromium additions are what separate 5454 from plain Al-Mg sheet. Manganese adds roughly 10\u201315% to tensile and yield strength compared with a comparable Mg level, and together with chromium it inhibits the intergranular precipitation that would otherwise open a stress-corrosion path in welded joints under sustained load. That combination is why 5454 appears in tank and vessel specifications where 5052 or 5754 are not accepted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5454 Mechanical Properties by Temper<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Typical values for plate and sheet. ASTM B209 minim\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/em> values are lower and vary with thickness \u2014 the guaranteed figures for a specific lot come from the mill test certificate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Temperament<\/th>Pevnost v tahu (MPa)<\/th>Mez kluzu (MPa)<\/th>Prodlou\u017een\u00ed (%)<\/th>Tvrdost (HB)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
O<\/td>250<\/td>117<\/td>22<\/td>62<\/td><\/tr>
H32<\/td>275<\/td>207<\/td>10<\/td>73<\/td><\/tr>
H34<\/td>305<\/td>241<\/td>10<\/td>81<\/td><\/tr>
H36<\/td>340<\/td>276<\/td>8<\/td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr>
H38<\/td>370<\/td>310<\/td>8<\/td>100<\/td><\/tr>
H111<\/td>260<\/td>179<\/td>14<\/td>70<\/td><\/tr>
H112<\/td>250<\/td>124<\/td>18<\/td>62<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Two things drive most temper decisions here. First, H32 and H34 are the only two tempers most 5454 specifications actually use<\/strong> \u2014 H32 for formed and welded vessels, H34 for load-bearing shells with less forming. Second, the H3x series matters in a way it does not for other alloys: H1x tempers are strain hardened only, while H3x tempers are strain hardened and then stabilised with a low-temperature treatment. In a welded pressure vessel that stabilisation buys measurably better post-weld resistance to intergranular corrosion. For welded construction, prefer H32 or H34 over the unstabilised equivalents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H111 and H112 are worth knowing because they are not interchangeable with O. H112 is the as-hot-rolled condition used for thick plate and welded structural work, carrying moderate strength without a separate cold-work step. H111 is lightly strain hardened after annealing, giving a little more strength than O while retaining most of its ductility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why 5454 Resists Stress Corrosion Cracking<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

This is the section that justifies the alloy, so it is worth being precise about the mechanism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In aluminium-magnesium alloys containing more than about 3% magnesium, sustained exposure above roughly 65 \u00b0C causes the magnesium to precipitate as \u03b2-phase (Al\u2083Mg\u2082) along grain boundaries. Those boundaries become anodic and susceptible to intergranular attack; under sustained tensile stress in a corrosive environment, that becomes stress-corrosion cracking. The damage is cumulative and cannot be reversed by heat treatment, which is why 5083 and 5456 plate carries a service-temperature caveat rather than a repair procedure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

By capping magnesium at 3.0% and adding chromium, 5454 minimises that precipitation. The practical consequence is a service window that opens where 5083’s closes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Service condition<\/th>5454<\/th>5083<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Continuous service, ambient<\/td>Vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed<\/td>Vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed<\/td><\/tr>
Continuous service above ~65 \u00b0C<\/td>Accepted \u2014 rated to about 150 \u00b0C<\/td>Not recommended; SCC risk<\/td><\/tr>
Post-weld integrity in warm service<\/td>Strong \u2014 stabilised H3x tempers preferred<\/td>Requires H116\/H321 condition and temperature control<\/td><\/tr>
ASME pressure-vessel recognition, elevated temperature<\/td>Ano<\/td>Limited by the temperature ceiling<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Strength also falls with temperature, as it does for every aluminium alloy. 5454-H32 at 150 \u00b0C retains roughly 200 MPa tensile against its 275 MPa room-temperature figure \u2014 about 70% retained, which is a working load, not a residual one. Above roughly 200 \u00b0C the decline steepens regardless of alloy and stainless or nickel alloys become the standard material choice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Design stresses for pressure service must be taken from the applicable code allowable-stress tables for the actual design temperature, not from the room-temperature values in the table above. The ~150 \u00b0C figure is a widely accepted continuous-service guideline, and ASME coverage extends into the 150\u2013200 \u00b0C band for qualified pressure service.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

5454 Physical Properties<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Majetek<\/th>Hodnota<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Hustota<\/td>2,69 g\/cm\u00b3<\/td><\/tr>
Rozsah taven\u00ed<\/td>602 \u2013 646 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr>
Tepeln\u00e1 vodivost<\/td>~134 W\/m\u00b7K<\/td><\/tr>
Elektrick\u00e1 vodivost<\/td>~34% IACS<\/td><\/tr>
Sou\u010dinitel tepeln\u00e9 rozta\u017enosti<\/td>23.6 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2076 \/\u00b0C (20\u2013100 \u00b0C)<\/td><\/tr>
M\u011brn\u00e1 tepeln\u00e1 kapacita<\/td>~900 J\/kg-K<\/td><\/tr>
Modul pru\u017enosti<\/td>~70 GPa<\/td><\/tr>
Poisson\u016fv pom\u011br<\/td>0.33<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The conductivity figures are lower than 5052’s (~138 W\/m\u00b7K, ~35% IACS) because 5454 carries more magnesium and manganese in solid solution. That is the expected trade-off: alloying for strength and thermal stability costs some conductivity. Where the application is thermally driven rather than structurally driven, 5052 or 3005 will usually be the better and cheaper choice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5454 Aluminum Plate and Sheet: Forms, Sizes, and Tempers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

5454 is overwhelmingly a flat-rolled alloy, and the plate-versus-sheet distinction is the first thing to settle when specifying it. The dividing line is nominal thickness: sheet runs from about 0.5 mm up to 6 mm, and plate starts at 6 mm. Plate is used for welded shells, baffles, and structural members where thickness carries the load; 5454 aluminum sheet is used for formed tank liners, compartment partitions, and cladding where the panel is shaped rather than load-bearing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Formul\u00e1\u0159<\/th>Thickness \/ size range<\/th>B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 stavy<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Plech a svitek<\/td>0.5 \u2013 6 mm<\/td>O, H32, H34, H38<\/td><\/tr>
Deska<\/td>6 \u2013 80 mm<\/td>H32, H34, H111, H112<\/td><\/tr>
Bar (round, flat, square)<\/td>6 \u2013 300 mm<\/td>O, H111, H112<\/td><\/tr>
Tube and pipe (seamless \/ welded)<\/td>OD 6 \u2013 400 mm, wall 0.5 \u2013 40 mm<\/td>O, H32, H34, H111, H112<\/td><\/tr>
Extruded profile<\/td>On request<\/td>H111, H112<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A few practical notes on specifying 5454 aluminum plate and sheet:<\/p>\n\n\n\n